But, the causes of the Revolt of 1857 remains the same. This popular misconception has lead to the most important has lead to the real revolution being forgotten, the change in the way countries are governed and the ideas that lead to it. But their English officers used force that offended the Hindus and Muslims alike and thus all these causes instigated the war in India to which we call the War of Independence 1857. War of independence 1857 is a remarkable event in the history of sub-continent. After an American victory at Saratoga in 1777, France, Spain, and the Netherlands entered the war against Great Britain. Russia's civil war led to the creation of the Soviet Union which soon was under the control of Joseph Stalin. The subsidiary system with additional taxes even on uncultivated lands added fuel to the fire and economically devastated the common Indians. The subsidiary alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse of Dalhousie angered Indian Princes. There were many causes of the War of Independence of 1857. As part of the agreement for peace, the French offered to give all their holdings in America to the British. Causes of Revolt. The East India Company that was eager to amass wealth out of the trade considered India no more than a field of producing raw materials for the industries of England. The Sugar Act came about during the time that George Grenville was appointed as first minister. Combatants before 1778 /4 Q2.Briefly explain three reasons for The War of Independence of 1857? They can be divided into political, religious, military, economic and social causes. Political Causes. Under this spurious doctrine, he annexed Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi and Nagpur etc. Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah 3. For example, the Nazis hated not just the Jewish Religion, but also Christianity. The Sugar Act was something that actually reduced the tax on molasses eliminating the incentive to smuggle thereby increasing the amount of people willing to pay duty. The only reason they won the war was that their treasury lasted longer than the French treasury. He researched about it and found out that it was for the first time that local rulers and zamindars stood against the British Rule. Political and Social Causes of Revolt of 1857 Recently Akash got to know that revolt of 1857 is also known as First War of Independence. As a sinful world, warlike tendencies are found in all species. Unlike the Molasses Act which benefited the people of the colonies, the new acts imposed on them were just a burden and quite unfair. Anjali_Gurajapu. In this context, discuss about the economic causes. The people of India at that time were highly concerned about their religion and religious rites. Given below are the chief causes of the 1857 War of Independence : For a new Enfield rifle introduced in the early period of 1857 the cartridges were covered with some animal fat that was supposed to be either of cow or a boar. Tyrannical Rule: • The rebels due to their incompetence failed to … These military aggressions were the decisions made by authoritarian ruling elites in Germany and Japan. These regulations made Indians realize that their faiths were in jeopardy. World War II started after these aggressive actions were met with an official declaration of war and/or armed resistance. Some of the political causes of the revolt are as follows: Since the British at home were highly taxed, Grenville’s solution was to tax the Americans since he felt they benefited from the war. Answer: Economic Causes: The British crippled Indian trade and created a high tariff wall in Britain against Indian goods and encouraged the imports of British goods to India. History 1301 They can be divided into political, religious, military, economic and social causes. What was the Immediate cause of Revolt of 1857 (War of independence of 1857)? The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. There were political, economic, social, religious and military causes of the revolt. Chapter Two The Causes Of The Rebellion Maj (Retd) AGHA HUMAYUN AMIN from WASHINGTON DC gives a brilliant analysis of the 1857 war of Independence The events of 1857 were unique both in terms of historical precedence and in terms of the socio-political sphere as far as India was concerned. /7 Q3. In this... ...India's First War of Independence, termed Sepoy Riots by the British was an attempt to unite India against the invading British and to restore power to the Mogul emperor Bahadur Shah. War generally involves two or more organized groups or parties (often, nations). Throughout the entire Bible God tells us that while we are on this earth, our sinful natures would drive us to war. This provoked the rulers like Nana Sahib, the adopted son of Peshwa and Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi. With the end of the French and Indian wars, the first worldwide war, the British found themselves with a huge national debt. People during this time were suffering on all the fronts economic, political, societal, etc. There are many causes for this war which are: Political. which angered the local ruler, who had to now live i… During the rule of the Mughals, not only the Muslims but also the Hindus would be appointed on all important positions but by the English the Muslims and the Hindus both were deemed as untrustworthy and consequently all the higher posts were held by the White men. But when they realized that the Company was promoting Christianity in their land they became furious. Social and Religious Causes • The Muslims were shaken by the removal of Muslim authority. Thus after having been enslaved the second shock the local soldiers had to bear was unemployment that made them despise the foreign invader. Some fought to preserve the interests that best served their nation, some fought to retaliate and some fought to become the king of Europe. The causes of the War of Independence were political, economical, social, religious and military. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, war is defined as a “state of conflict, generally armed, between two or more entities. Many causes led to the outbreak of Revolt of 1857. During the first two hundred years of its rule , the British East India Company confined its activities to trade and commerce. There are many causes for this war which are: As British extended their control they introduced many ways of grabbing land like the use of Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by … What was the Immediate cause of Revolt of 1857 (War of independence of 1857)? War is an openly declared state of organized conflict, most often characterized by extreme aggression, societal disruption, and high mortality. Economic Causes: Added to political and administrative distrust for the British East India Company, … This war was not triggered by a single reason, but multiple factors played their role. In International Relations, a disturbance in the balance of power (Brown, 2005, p.99) is often named as the main cause of war. ...The Causes of American War of Independence Besides, the English invariably maintained discrimination between their soldiers and the Indian soldiers in respect of salaries and fringe benefits with the result that the disheartened soldiers made up their minds to fight against the English. Annexation of Awadh on the charge of Mis-Governance. • It ended the Mughal Empire’s reign completely from the political scene. That’s why they introduced systems like Doctrine of Lapse by which Indian states could be taken over by the Company in case … In 1857 British faced a serious challenge to their rule in India. Spell. This was done by using the provisions of the Doctrine ofLapse. Everybody was fending for themselves, For France if a war did break out especially between Germany and Russia, France would be able to attain previously lost lands from Germany. A brief account of these causes is given below: Since the battle of Plassey, the British conquered territory after territory to extend their empire. On the other hand, there are also scholars who view the Revolt of 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny. Before using these cartridges they were to be cut by teeth. DISCUSS Germany was another rising nation at the time, her and Russia had conflicts and a war between them seemed inevitable. Please join StudyMode to read the full document. It is characterized by intentional violence on the part of large bodies of individuals organized and trained for that purpose (Encyclopedia, 2014). • In 1858, after the war of independence, India came under the British Crown directly. The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a conflict that erupted between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen British colonies, who declared their independence as the United States of America in 1776. The culmination of events that led to World War II are generally understood to be the 1939 invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the 1937 invasion of the Republic of China by the Empire of Japan. ...Waging War for Independence (1764 – 1783) Causes of the War of Independence. Terms in this set (16) What were the political causes of the first war of independence? They had a big army but their soldiers were not well trained and their military was not well... ...Causes of World War II (a) Annexation of Avadh on the ground of bad-governance (b) Inefficient administrative machinery of the company (c) Growing suspicion among native rulers over Lord Dalhousie’s policies of … For example, under the military rules the Indian soldiers were forbidden to have beards or wear turbans or put tilaks on their foreheads. It upset Indians. It was a remarkable event in Indian history and marked the end of the Mughal empire and sealed India's fate as a British colony for the next 100 years.Causes for the RevoltThere were many causes that ultimately lead to this revolt. The immediate cause of the First War of Independence in 1857 was the introduction of the 'Enfield Rifle'. They purchased raw materials from India … The resistance disintegrated primarily due to lack of leadership and unity on the part of Indians, as also to cruel suppression by the British Army. B. Ruination of Artisans and... ... World war one, a great European war, nations conflicted and divided, aligning themselves with their own allies. 5. This War was fought in 1857 by Indians against the British in order to get rid of their domination. The war eventually widened far beyond British North America; many Native Americans also fought on both sides of the conflict. Protests broke out, and eventually the American Revolution came into the picture. Antrece Baggett The Treaty of Paris in 1783 recognized the independence of the United States. WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857. But in the 18th century the pattern of trade underwent a drastic change. There were many causes of the War of Independence of 1857. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, social disruption and economic destruction. 1. Each of the European nations had their own goals and motives as to why they did what they did. When there is an absence of war, it is called peace. This led to extreme resentment among the successors of rulers who died without a natural heir. For the sake of convenience they can divided into the following categories.1.Social And Religious Causes2.Political Causes3.Military Causes | | The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi, Satara, etc. ii. The causes include many factors such as Political, Economic, Social, Religious and Military causes. Causes of Failure of 1857 Indian War of Independence On April 27, 1857, eighty-five soldiers of a Bengal regiment of British East India Company, posted in Meerut, disobeyed the command of their senior British officer, to use the new cartridges for newly introduced Enfield rifles, … /4 Q5.What happened at the battle of Kanpur? The war was the culmination of the American Revolution, a colonial struggle against political and economic policies of the British Empire. The thirteen colonies moved from peaceful resistance to outright war against the British government’s “reform” programs of new taxes and regulations during the period of (1764-1783). Causes of the Revolt. So, in this, the issue … They can be divided into political, religious, military, economic and social causes. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence or intervention. The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was applied not only to Princes but also big Zamindars. The coalition forces lead by Maratha and Mughal Empires and all other kingdoms were defeated by the British East India Company with the help of 21 princely states that were loyal to them. The imperialist policy of the East India Company was an important factor. British traders made enormous profits in this two way trade. Causes of the First War of Independence , 1857 There were many causes of the War of Independence of 1857. Under the doctrine of lapse, the British annexed any Indian state where the ruler did not have a male heir. The Company also declared that after the death of the then Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, his family had to move out of the Red Fort and his successors were also forbidden to use the title of emperor. Flashcards. It is also given names as Indian Rebellion, Indian Mutiny as well as Indian Revolt. There are certain political causes of the 1857 revolt.. such as. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. That’s why they introduced systems like Doctrine of Lapse by which Indian states could be taken over by the Company in case there was no male heir to the throne of the state. India became a raw material producing country and raw material which was purchased from India at very low costs was processed into finished goods in the factories in England and then exported back to India. Alsace and Lorraine, and this would only be a great outcome for France. The Revolt of 1857 is an important landmark in the history of India, which occurred during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Canning. I will explain some of the reasons colonists rebelled against the new reform programs, the roles African Americans played during the American Revolution, how the patriots achieved the unity needed to wage the War for Independence, and the impact the American Revolution had on the Native Americans. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. ...Causes of War In all cases, at least one participant (group) in the conflict perceives the need to either psychologically or materially dominate the other participant. These new acquisitions were a problem for the British parliament because now they needed to stop settlers from the British colonies going into the new land in fear that the Indians would attack them. Match. Nations may regard each other with dislike over religious conflict or different values but this is hardly going to cause them to go to war. In fact the Christian missionaries all over India were being patronized by the British government and in 1855 the priests like E. Edmund professed that the whole of India should be under one religion, i.e., Christianity. Similarly the introduction of some social laws added fuel to fire. However, in order to understand the causes of wars one has to observe many other factors that play into the development of international conflict. In Italy, Benito Mussolini seized power as a fascist dictator promising to create a "New Roman Empire. For them the most sacred thing was their faith. October 12, 2012 Until He comes back, we will be at war with each other. It is believed by many historians that Lord Dalhousie laid the foundations of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This dissatisfaction surfaced as a major revolt in 1857. It is now an admitted fact that th mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the emption of the volcano of discontent which had kept smoldering for about a century. There was a rumour that the greased cartridge had the fat … His responsibility was to solve the debt crisis they were facing. The 1857 war of Independence was the culmination of various political, economic, social and military causes which burst forth in the from of the cartridge controversy, finally resulting in the Indian Sepoy Mutiny where a soldier named Mangal Pandey was the first to break rank. These new programs had a significant impact on the people of the colonies, and caused a great uproar. Since the cows were sacred for the Hindus and pigs were haram for the Muslims both of them refused to carry such rifles. WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857. ...The American Revolution is usually seen as being the same thing as the American War for Independence, starting in 1775 with the battle of Lexington and ending in 1783 with the treaty of Paris. Colonists were divided over which side to support in the war; in some areas, the struggle was a civil war. They did this because they wanted total control of all aspects of the people's lives, otherwise they... ...WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF WAR? First war of independence, 1857. There were economic causes as well. Gravity. Political Causes: The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large … Such legislations badly hurt the feelings of Hindus. in England) to pay a less than half of the money needed for the army that would be permanently stationed in the Americas, so parliament introduced the Sugar Act. Before starting the discussion the causes of war, it is useful to clearly define “war”. War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by states or non-state actors. The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi, Satara, etc. It was an extreme effort made by Indians, but they failed due to certain reasons including mutual jealousies, disunity, and lack of central leadership etc. The British brought into force the Doctrine of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse. The Company interfered in the internal matters of Indian States and followed the policy of divide and rule. Russia was trying to recover from a revolution that had occurred less than a decade ago. [6] This caused Germany to lose a significant portion of its territory, prohibited the annexation of other states, limited the size of German armed forces and imposed massive reparations. The main causes of the War were political, social, economical, military and religious. They invented their own form of "Christianity" one that was controlled by the State. In addition to these reasons there was an immediate cause that coerced the Indians to go for war. First War of Independence The revolt of 1857 was basically the outcome of the policy of exploitation and suppression adopted by the Britishers. The causes of war Political causes Religious causes Social causes Military causes Economic causes 2. Change in pattern of trade and commerce  It was initiated to get rid of the British domination. Political Causes. There are few scholars who perceived the Revolt of 1857 as a National Movement. The revolt of 1857 witnessed in large parts of North and Central India was an armed rebellion triggered due to number of political and economic policies of British. For which he started to use doctrine of lapse. 1. Wars most often begin with a conflict in religion, feeling of superiority to others, and acquiring of wealth. /4 Q6.Why did the War of Independence of 1857 … In 1931, an increasingly militaristic Japanese Empire, which had long sought influence in China[8] as the first step of its right to rule Asia, used the Mukden Incident as justification to invade Manchuria; the two nations... StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes, How Did The French Revolution Affect The American War. In the military setup they introduced some regulations that injured religious sentiments of the Indians. French involvement proved decisive, with a naval victory in the Chesapeake leading to the surrender of a British army at Yorktown in 1781. CAUSES OF WAR OF INDEPENDENCE The mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the eruption of the volcano of discontent that had kept smouldering for about a century. A war seemed to be beneficial to every nation. Drawbacks of First War of Independence 25 Lack of planning, organisation and leadership Lack of common cause Lack of participation from all sections of the society Lack of resources Lack of nationwide dimensions Beginning of the movement before the fixed date (May 31, 1857) World war one war one was a war not born from profound causes but triggered by a continents own insolence, competition and whom a nation was allied with. Such a conflict is always an attempt at altering either the psychological or material hierarchy of domination or equality between such groups. All these attempts alienated both Hindu and Muslim Indians who realized that the White men were intending to devour their lands. This war is called war of Independence. Policy of expansion 2. STUDY. The Revolt of 1857 was a combination of political, economical, socio-religious, military and many other causes. A country like France who pushed and encouraged nationalism and militarism was viewed as a powerful nation but because of its strong policies it was also recognized as a huge threat to other European nations. They were dissatisfied with the British administration too. Created by. (a) Annexation of Avadh on the ground of bad-governance (b) Inefficient administrative machinery of the company (c) Growing suspicion among native rulers over Lord Dalhousie’s policies of Doctrine of Lapse (d) Greased Cartridges For instance, the English government banned Satti (Hindu practice of burning the widow along with the dead body of her husband), and allowed the widows to remarry. Therefore, to defend the colonists from Indians (and vice versa) the British parliament decided that the colonists should pay a small tax (compared to was paid Many provinces came into the control of the British because of these rules. Explain the major events of the War of Independence /7 Q4.What was the issue of greased cartridges so important? Whenever the English annexed any state of India into their domain they dismantled its army and disemployed the local soldiers. It is now an admitted fact that th mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the emption of the volcano of discontent which had kept smoldering for about a century. Political Causes; The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi, etc First, I will start with the opposition the colonists had when it came to the Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts. The causes of the War of Independence were political, economic, religious, social and military. With the onset of the the industrial revolution in England, many new industries came up and the dependance on Indian textiles came to an end. Test. What was the War of Independence 1857? The causes of the War of Independence were political, economic, religious, social and military. Treatment given to Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmi Bai 4. In 1857 British faced a serious challenge to their rule in India. The natives were either turned jobless or appointed on lower levels of the state departments. Causes of the Revolt of 1857: (a) Political Causes i. Doctrine of Lapse: Lord Dalhousie successfully annexed many Indian states to the English East India Company. In the words of Lord Canning, Lawrence and Syed Ahmed Khan it was, indeed, the most significant cause. Annexation of Indian States by Doctrine of Lapse Policy. Although, it was unsuccessful but left great memories. "[7] The Kuomintang (KMT) party in China launched a unification campaign against regional warlords and nominally unified China in the mid-1920s, but was soon embroiled in a civil war against its former Chinese communist allies. A. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). In the aftermath of World War I, a defeated Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles. This war is called war of Independence. Write. Because of all these reasons Kings, Princes, their courtiers and disbanded s… Question 2: The First War of Independence of 1857 was the culmination of peoples’ dissatisfaction with the British rule. He was driven by conviction to bring all the Indian states ruled by local rulers into the fold of British administration. PLAY. 5. Stephanie Maharaj Learn. As British extended their control they introduced many ways of grabbing land like the use of Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie was very unpopular. From the beginning of time, God knew everything that was going to occur. THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857-58 Q1. Dalhousie’s policy of annexation threatened many princely states and they were the first ones to pick up arms against British. 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